Fairway Bunkers

I have never been able to find out who came up with the idea of placing a bunker on the side of a fairway, 220 yards from the green. Is this the hardest shot in golf? The reason this might be the toughest shot in golf is because of greed. We always want to hit it 210 yards with a three foot lip in our way. Makes sense to me. I don't think so. There is yet one more thing that you have working against yourself, you have to hit the ball first then the sand. This is an all around hard shot. Once inside you will be able to correct any mistake that you have, fat, tops, pushes, slices. You name the mistake, we have the fix.